The Java Portlet Specification has introduced concept of Portlet Filters based on Servlet Filters. The basic concept remains the same that Portlet Filter allows you to do some pre and/or post processing for every request. Note one important point that unlike servlets portlet specification defines 4 different phases for handling user request and as result it defines 4 Filter interfaces that you can use.
ACTION_PHASE : If you want to perform filtering during action phase then you should implement class implementing javax.portlet.filter.ActionFilter interface
RENDER_PHASE : If you want to perform filtering during render phase then you should implement class implementing javax.portlet.filter.RenderFilter interface
EVENT_PHASE : If you want to perform filtering during event handling phase then you should implement class implementing javax.portlet.filter.EventFilter interface
RESOURCE_PHASE : If you want to perform filtering during resource serving phase then you should implement class implementing javax.portlet.filter.ResourceFilter interface